{"id":5969,"date":"2025-11-06T14:11:48","date_gmt":"2025-11-06T07:11:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ahrd.vn\/?p=5969"},"modified":"2025-11-06T14:11:48","modified_gmt":"2025-11-06T07:11:48","slug":"xay-dung-quy-trinh-san-xuat-bot-gia-vi-bang-phuong-phap-say-hong-ngoai","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ahrd.vn\/?p=5969","title":{"rendered":"X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u1ed9t gia v\u1ecb b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p s\u1ea5y h\u1ed3ng ngo\u1ea1i"},"content":{"rendered":"

X\u00c2Y D\u1ef0NG QUY TR\u00ccNH S\u1ea2N XU\u1ea4T B\u1ed8T GIA V\u1eca B\u1eb0NG PH\u01af\u01a0NG PH\u00c1P S\u1ea4Y H\u1ed2NG NGO\u1ea0I<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Hi\u1ec7n nay, rau gia v\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ed3ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn, ngo\u00e0i c\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m t\u0103ng m\u00f9i v\u1ecb h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn cho c\u00e1c m\u00f3n \u0103n c\u00f2n c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng trong h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh. \u0110i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i rau gia v\u1ecb l\u00e0 m\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u00f9i v\u1ecb, h\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u01a1m ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9a h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tinh d\u1ea7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c m\u1ef9 ph\u1ea9m, y h\u1ecdc… Th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng\u00a0x\u00fac ti\u1ebfn th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i\u00a0v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n nhi\u1ec1u khu v\u1ef1c tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ed9t gia v\u1ecb.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

H\u00ecnh 1. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 rau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u1ed9t gia v\u1ecb<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

S\u1ea5y l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1ea9m c\u00f3 trong nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch \u00e1p su\u1ea5t h\u01a1i ri\u00eang ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng xung quanh (L\u1ea1i Qu\u1ed1c \u0110\u1ea1t, 2016). M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea5y l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ed3i t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a vi sinh v\u1eadt. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u1ea1o m\u00e0u ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn Maillard x\u1ea3y ra khi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n acid amin t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1eed, l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea5y v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng do c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u gi\u00e0u vitamin, ho\u1ea1t ch\u1ea5t sinh h\u1ecdc s\u1ebd b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t \u0111i d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec7t (Prasertsan v\u00e0 Saensab, 2010; Chien v\u00e0 ctv, 2014).<\/span><\/p>\n

Trung t\u00e2m Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n N\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u1ed9t gia v\u1ecb b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p s\u1ea5y h\u1ed3ng ngo\u1ea1i. C\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m b\u1ed9t gia v\u1ecb (h\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ea3o, b\u1ed9t g\u1eebng, b\u1ed9t t\u1ecfi, b\u1ed9t \u1edbt s\u1eebng, b\u1ed9t s\u1ea3) s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ef1ng trong h\u1ee7 th\u1ee7y tinh n\u1eafp b\u1ea1c v\u1edbi tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng 50g\/h\u1ee7, b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00f2ng (28 \u00b1 2o<\/sup>C, \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m 60 \u00b1 5<\/strong>%) sau 45 ng\u00e0y b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n v\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh t\u1ed1t, \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ec9 ti\u00eau vi sinh (t\u1ed5ng vi sinh v\u1eadt hi\u1ebfu kh\u00ed, Coliform, E. coli<\/em>, t\u1ed5ng n\u1ea5m men, n\u1ea5m m\u1ed1c) theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 Y t\u1ebf.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

H\u00ecnh 2.<\/strong> Quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u1ed9t gia v\u1ecb b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p s\u1ea5y h\u1ed3ng ngo\u1ea1i<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

Thuy\u1ebft minh quy tr\u00ecnh<\/span><\/p>\n

B\u01b0\u1edbc 1: Nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u1ed9t gia v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i thu ho\u1ea1ch. H\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ea3o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu ho\u1ea1ch (10 – 12 th\u00e1ng) tr\u1ed3ng, g\u1eebng (8 – 10 th\u00e1ng) tr\u1ed3ng, t\u1ecfi (4 – 5 th\u00e1ng) tr\u1ed3ng, \u1edbt s\u1eebng (2 – 2,5 th\u00e1ng) tr\u1ed3ng, c\u00e2y s\u1ea3 (10 – 12 th\u00e1ng) tr\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n v\u1ec1 khu <\/span>
\nt\u1eadp k\u1ebft.<\/span><\/p>\n

B\u01b0\u1edbc 2: <\/strong>L\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

H\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ea3o t\u00e1ch l\u1ea5y l\u00e1, ng\u00e2m r\u1eeda s\u1ea1ch b\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc sinh ho\u1ea1t s\u1ee5c ozone \u1edf \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00f2ng (28 \u00b1 2o<\/sup>C) \u0111\u1ec3 di\u1ec7t khu\u1ea9n, sau \u0111\u00f3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng qu\u1ea1t l\u00e0m r\u00e1o trong 30 ph\u00fat.<\/span><\/p>\n

G\u1eebng, t\u1ecfi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00f3c v\u1ecf v\u00e0 ng\u00e2m r\u1eeda s\u1ea1ch b\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc sinh ho\u1ea1t s\u1ee5c ozone \u1edf \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00f2ng (28 \u00b1 2o<\/sup>C) \u0111\u1ec3 di\u1ec7t khu\u1ea9n, sau \u0111\u00f3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng qu\u1ea1t l\u00e0m r\u00e1o trong 30 ph\u00fat.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u1edat s\u1eebng, c\u00e2y s\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u00e2m r\u1eeda s\u1ea1ch b\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc sinh ho\u1ea1t s\u1ee5c ozone \u1edf \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00f2ng (28 \u00b1 2o<\/sup>C) \u0111\u1ec3 di\u1ec7t khu\u1ea9n, sau \u0111\u00f3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng qu\u1ea1t l\u00e0m r\u00e1o trong 30 ph\u00fat.<\/span><\/p>\n

B\u01b0\u1edbc 3: <\/strong>S\u01a1 ch\u1ebf<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

G\u1eebng, t\u1ecfi, \u1edbt s\u1eebng, c\u00e2y s\u1ea3 sau khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eaft l\u00e1t m\u1ecfng kho\u1ea3ng 0,4 – 0,5 cm \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea5y kh\u00f4.<\/span><\/p>\n

B\u01b0\u1edbc 4: <\/strong>Ch\u1ea7n<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn, nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n sang giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ch\u1ea7n \u1edf 85 \u00b1 2o<\/sup>C trong 30 gi\u00e2y, l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i nhanh b\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ea1nh 10\u00baC v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 r\u00e1o. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y l\u00e0 v\u00f4 ho\u1ea1t enzyme, h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e0u s\u1eafc v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a rau gia v\u1ecb trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea5y.<\/span><\/p>\n

B\u01b0\u1edbc 5: <\/strong>S\u1ea5y h\u1ed3ng ngo\u1ea1i<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Rau gia v\u1ecb s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3i ra khay (\u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y 1 l\u1edbp) s\u1ea5y h\u1ed3ng ngo\u1ea1i v\u1edbi th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt: nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 55o<\/sup>C, m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u tr\u00ean khay s\u1ea5y 1 kg\/m2<\/sup>, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1ea5y 2 m\/s cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m 10 \u00b1 2%.<\/span><\/p>\n

B\u01b0\u1edbc 6: <\/strong>Xay<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Sau qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea5y, rau gia v\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xay nhuy\u1ec5n b\u1eb1ng m\u00e1y nghi\u1ec1n Philips th\u00e0nh b\u1ed9t m\u1ecbn v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed5 sung ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ed1ng v\u00f3n 0,03% (w\/w) \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng t\u00ednh c\u1ea3m quan cho s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m.<\/span><\/p>\n

B\u01b0\u1edbc 7: <\/strong>\u0110\u00f3ng g\u00f3i<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

B\u1ed9t gia v\u1ecb s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ef1ng trong h\u1ee7 th\u1ee7y tinh n\u1eafp b\u1ea1c v\u1edbi tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng 50g\/h\u1ee7, b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00f2ng (28 \u00b1 2o<\/sup>C, \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m 60 \u00b1 5%).<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/span><\/p>\n

H\u00ecnh 3.<\/strong> B\u1ed9t gia v\u1ecb b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00f2ng (28 \u00b1 2o<\/sup>C, \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m 60 \u00b1 5<\/strong>%).<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o<\/strong><\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. L\u1ea1i Qu\u1ed1c \u0110\u1ea1t, Nguy\u1ec5n C\u1eedu Khu\u00ea (2016), Xu h\u01b0\u1edbng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 s\u1ea5y ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn trong b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n v\u00e0 ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn n\u00f4ng s\u1ea3n, th\u1ee7y s\u1ea3n, Trung t\u00e2m Th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea Khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7.<\/span><\/em><\/li>\n
  2. Prasertsan, Saensaby (2010), Heat Pump drying of agricultural materials, Original Articles, 235 \u2013 250.<\/span><\/em><\/li>\n
  3. Chien, H. C., Adam, F., Chung, L. L., Aneta, W. (2014), Combined Drying of Apple Cubes by Using of Heat Pump, Vacuum-Microwave, and Intermittent Techniques, Food and bioprocess technology, 975 \u2013 989.<\/span><\/em><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    X\u00c2Y D\u1ef0NG QUY TR\u00ccNH S\u1ea2N XU\u1ea4T B\u1ed8T GIA V\u1eca B\u1eb0NG PH\u01af\u01a0NG PH\u00c1P S\u1ea4Y H\u1ed2NG NGO\u1ea0I Hi\u1ec7n nay, rau gia v\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ed3ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn, ngo\u00e0i c\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m t\u0103ng m\u00f9i v\u1ecb h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn cho c\u00e1c m\u00f3n \u0103n c\u00f2n c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng trong h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh. \u0110i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i rau […]\n","protected":false},"author":50,"featured_media":5971,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[300,236],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ahrd.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5969"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ahrd.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ahrd.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ahrd.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/50"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ahrd.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=5969"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/ahrd.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5969\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5973,"href":"https:\/\/ahrd.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5969\/revisions\/5973"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ahrd.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/5971"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ahrd.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=5969"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ahrd.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=5969"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ahrd.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=5969"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}