{"id":4713,"date":"2022-06-02T10:39:33","date_gmt":"2022-06-02T03:39:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ahrd.com.vn\/?p=4713"},"modified":"2022-06-02T10:39:33","modified_gmt":"2022-06-02T03:39:33","slug":"nam-huong-va-cac-hoat-chat-sinh-hoc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ahrd.vn\/?p=4713","title":{"rendered":"N\u1ea4M H\u01af\u01a0NG V\u00c0 C\u00c1C HO\u1ea0T CH\u1ea4T SINH H\u1eccC"},"content":{"rendered":"

N\u1ea4M H\u01af\u01a0NG V\u00c0 C\u00c1C HO\u1ea0T CH\u1ea4T SINH H\u1eccC<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

N\u1ea5m h\u01b0\u01a1ng hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 n\u1ea5m \u0111\u00f4ng c\u00f4 hay shitake, t\u00ean khoa h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 Lentinus edodes. <\/em>N\u1ea5m h\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng cao, ch\u1ee9a nhi\u1ec1u vitamin nh\u01b0 vitamin B1, B2, vitamin pp, vitamin D2…, ch\u1ea5t kho\u00e1ng nh\u01b0 Fe, Mn, K, Ca, Mg, Cd, Cu, Zn… C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea1o n\u00ean h\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u01a1m c\u1ee7a n\u1ea5m h\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 cetone, c\u00e1c acid b\u00e9o…Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean h\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u01a1m, v\u1ecb ngon c\u1ee7a n\u1ea5m l\u00e0 mono sodium glutamate, nucleotide, amino acid t\u1ef1 do, chu\u1ed7i peptide, acid h\u1eefu c\u01a1 (malic, fumalic, glutaric, oxalic,… ) v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

H\u00ecnh\u00a01<\/em><\/strong>: N\u1ea5m h\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u01b0\u01a1i<\/p>\n

T\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t t\u1eeb n\u1ea5m h\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1o c\u00e1o t\u1edbi n\u0103m 2009 (Bisen v\u00e0 cs, 2010)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
T\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng<\/td>\nH\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t<\/td>\nT\u00e1c gi\u1ea3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Kh\u00e1ng ung th\u01b0<\/td>\nLentinan ( \u03b2-D-glucans), KS-2-\u03b1-mannan-peptide, LEM, LAP (heteroglucan-protein), EP3<\/td>\nWasser v\u00e0 cs, 1999; Chihara v\u00e0 cs, 1969; Fujii v\u00e0 cs, 1978; Mizuno v\u00e0 cs, 1995, 1996<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0110i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch<\/td>\nMannoglucan, polysaccharide
\nprotein complex, glucan, Lentinan, polysaccharide L-II, (1-3)-\u03b2-D-glucan<\/td>\n		Chihara v\u00e0 cs, 1969; Hobbs v\u00e0 cs, 2000; Chihara v\u00e0 cs, 1970; Zheng v\u00e0 cs, 2005; Zhou v\u00e0 cs, 2009; Yap v\u00e0 cs, 2005<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Kh\u00e1ng sinh<\/td>\nLentinamicin<\/td>\nKomemushi v\u00e0 cs, 1996<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Kh\u00e1ng virus<\/td>\nLentinan, LEM, JLS-18, EP3, EPS4<\/td>\nWasser v\u00e0 cs, 1999; Sarkar, 1993;\u00a0 Yamamoto, 1997; Hanafusa, 1990<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Kh\u00e1ng khu\u1ea9n<\/td>\nLEM, Lenthionine , c\u00e1c cao chi\u1ebft chloroform v\u00e0 ethylacetate<\/td>\nYamamoto, 1997; Hanafusa, 1990; Yasumoto v\u00e0 cs, 1971<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Kh\u00e1ng n\u1ea5m<\/td>\nLentin<\/td>\nNgai v\u00e0 Ng, 2003<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Tim m\u1ea1ch, huy\u1ebft \u00e1p<\/td>\nEritadenine, lentinacin, lentysine<\/td>\nBreene, 1990; Chibata v\u00e0 cs, 1969; Rokujo v\u00e0 cs, 1970; Kamiya v\u00e0 cs, 1969; Enman v\u00e0 cs, 2008; Tokita v\u00e0 cs, 1972<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 gan<\/td>\nLentinan, LEM, cao chi\u1ebft n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3ng v\u00e0 chi\u1ebft c\u1ed3n<\/td>\nZhu v\u00e0 cs, 1985; Akamatsu v\u00e0 cs, 2004<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Kh\u00e1ng oxy h\u00f3a<\/td>\nCao chi\u1ebft methanol v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t polyphenolic<\/td>\nXu v\u00e0 cs, 2008; Choi v\u00e0 cs, 2006; Cheung v\u00e0 Cheung, 2005<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

H\u1ec7 s\u1ee3i n\u1ea5m h\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i polysaccharide l\u00e0 Lentinan, c\u00f3 tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e2n t\u1eed kho\u1ea3ng 5×105<\/sup> Da. Lentinan \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u1ebft xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb sinh kh\u1ed1i s\u1ee3i n\u1ea5m h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 s\u1ee3i. Lentinan \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t li\u1ec7u ph\u00e1p h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 trong h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb li\u1ec7u. H\u00e0ng n\u0103m, Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n t\u00e1ch chi\u1ebft \u1edf quy m\u00f4 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p cho ra kho\u1ea3ng v\u00e0i tr\u0103m ng\u00e0n t\u1ea5n Lentinan ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao t\u1eeb n\u1ea5m h\u01b0\u01a1ng, c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb l\u00ean t\u1edbi h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m tri\u1ec7u USD.<\/p>\n

Eritadenine l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a th\u1ee9 c\u1ea5p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u1edfi L. edodes<\/em>. T\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a eritadenine l\u00e0 h\u1ea1 th\u1ea5p n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 cholesterol trong m\u00e1u. H\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng eritadenine trong 1 kg n\u1ea5m h\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f4 kho\u1ea3ng 400-700 mg. Eritadenine t\u00e1ch t\u1eeb m\u0169 L. edodes <\/em>b\u1eb1ng HPLC cho 642,8 mg\/100g tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4, eritadenine \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf ACE v\u1edbi IC50<\/sub> 0,091 \u00b5M IC50, trong khi IC50 c\u1ee7a captopril l\u00e0 0,025 \u00b5M. Khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng exo-polymer t\u1eeb n\u1ea5m h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi li\u1ec1u 200mg\/kg BW tr\u00ean chu\u1ed9t b\u1ecb ti\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng do streptozotocin g\u00e2y ra cho th\u1ea5y t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng huy\u1ebft 21,5% v\u00e0 t\u0103ng insulin l\u00ean t\u1edbi 22,1% so v\u1edbi nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1ee9ng. Laurino v\u00e0 cs (2019) \u0111\u00e3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a n\u1ea5m h\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ebfn ti\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng thai k\u1ef3 tr\u00ean chu\u1ed9t. Chu\u1ed9t Rattus norvegicus<\/em>\u00a0var.\u00a0albinus <\/em>c\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng ti\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng thai k\u1ef3 b\u1eb1ng Streptozotocin (40 mg\/kg). N\u1ea5m h\u01b0\u01a1ng L. edodes <\/em>(Berk.) H600 t\u01b0\u01a1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eaft l\u00e1t, \u0111\u00f4ng kh\u00f4 v\u00e0 nghi\u1ec1n cho chu\u1ed9t d\u00f9ng v\u1edbi li\u1ec1u 100 mg\/kg. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 cho th\u1ea5y n\u1ea5m h\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh ch\u1ed1ng oxy h\u00f3a gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i do ti\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng thai k\u1ef3 th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 insulin; alanine aminotransferase v\u00e0 aspartate aminotransferase, triglyceride v\u00e0 cholesterol to\u00e0n ph\u1ea7n; gi\u1ea3m t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng gan do streptozotocin.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, n\u1ea5m h\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i n\u1ea5m c\u00f3 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh sinh h\u1ecdc qu\u00fd gi\u00e1, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng trong b\u1eefa \u0103n h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb thu\u1ed1c trong c\u00e1c b\u00e0i thu\u1ed1c, l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t d\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 \u00edch cho s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/p>\n

Ngu\u1ed3n tham kh\u1ea3o:<\/p>\n

Mizuno T. (1995). Shiitake, Lentinus edodes<\/em>: Functional properties for medicinal and food purposes. Food Reviews International 11 \u2013 1: 109-128<\/p>\n

Bisen\u00a0 P.S., Baghel R.K., Sanodiya B.S., Thakur G.S. & Prasad G.B.K.S. (2010). Lentinus edodes<\/em>: A Macrofungus with Pharmacological Activities. Current Medicinal Chemistry 17: 2419-2430<\/p>\n

Steven A., Dave M. (2009). Growing Shiitake Mushrooms, Oklahoma Cooperative Extension service, http:\/\/www.osuextra.com<\/a><\/p>\n

Yang B.K., Kim D.H., Jeong S.C., Das S., Choi Y.S.; Shin J.S., Lee S.C., Song C. H. (2002). Hypoglycemic effect of a Lentinus edodes<\/em> exopolymer produced from a submerged mycelial culture. Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry 66. 937-942.<\/p>\n

Mantovani M. S., Marilanda F. B., Jos\u00e9 P. F. A., Rodrigo J. O., Ariane F. S., L\u00facia R. R. (2008). \u03b2-Glucans in promoting health: Prevention against mutation and cancer, Mutation Research 658: 154-161.<\/p>\n

Laurino L. F., Viroel F.J.M., Erika C., Sara S., Thaisa B.P., Raquel M.R.C., Edilma A.V., Angela F. J., Alessandre H., Denise G., and Marli G.\u00a0 (2019). Lentinus edodes<\/em>\u00a0Exposure before and after Fetus Implantation: Materno-Fetal Development in Rats with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus\u00a0 Nutrients 11(11): 2720.<\/p>\n

Afrin S., Rakib M. A., Kim B. H., Kim J. O., & Ha Y. L. (2016).\u00a0Eritadenine from Edible Mushrooms Inhibits Activity of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme in Vitro<\/em>. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 64(11): 2263 \u20132268.\u00a0doi:10.1021\/acs.jafc.5b05869<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

N\u1ea4M H\u01af\u01a0NG V\u00c0 C\u00c1C HO\u1ea0T CH\u1ea4T SINH H\u1eccC N\u1ea5m h\u01b0\u01a1ng hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 n\u1ea5m \u0111\u00f4ng c\u00f4 hay shitake, t\u00ean khoa h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 Lentinus edodes. N\u1ea5m h\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng cao, ch\u1ee9a nhi\u1ec1u vitamin nh\u01b0 vitamin B1, B2, vitamin pp, vitamin D2…, ch\u1ea5t kho\u00e1ng nh\u01b0 Fe, Mn, K, Ca, Mg, Cd, Cu, Zn… […]\n","protected":false},"author":50,"featured_media":4714,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[315,236],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ahrd.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4713"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ahrd.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ahrd.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ahrd.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/50"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ahrd.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4713"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/ahrd.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4713\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4715,"href":"https:\/\/ahrd.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4713\/revisions\/4715"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ahrd.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/4714"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ahrd.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4713"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ahrd.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4713"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ahrd.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4713"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}