{"id":3131,"date":"2019-10-13T16:14:40","date_gmt":"2019-10-13T09:14:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ahrd.com.vn\/?p=3131"},"modified":"2022-03-17T19:36:48","modified_gmt":"2022-03-17T12:36:48","slug":"cac-giong-cay-chiu-man","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ahrd.vn\/?p=3131","title":{"rendered":"C\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng c\u00e2y ch\u1ecbu m\u1eb7n"},"content":{"rendered":"

Theo \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng thi\u1ebfu n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt v\u00e0 x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp m\u1eb7n ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p do t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn \u201cn\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p n\u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1i\u201d – tr\u1ed3ng lo\u1ea1i c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu m\u1eb7n, v\u00e0 ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong n\u01b0\u1edbc nhi\u1ec5m m\u1eb7n, n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ee3, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t khi m\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt khan hi\u1ebfm v\u00e0 x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp m\u1eb7n di\u1ec5n ra tr\u00ean di\u1ec7n r\u1ed9ng. V\u1edbi ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf, n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u1edbi nh\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111ang b\u1ecb \u0111e d\u1ecda b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 l\u00e2y lan c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec5m m\u1eb7n \u0111\u1ea5t (Anderson, 2014).<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong 5 n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1ea5t tr\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu n\u00ean vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm ra c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1ee9ng ph\u00f3 v\u00e0 th\u00edch \u1ee9ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111ang ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng c\u1ea5p b\u00e1ch. Vi\u1ec7c thanh l\u1ecdc g\u1ed1c gh\u00e9p ch\u1ecbu m\u1eb7n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng \u0111ang l\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea5t b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m m\u1eb7n. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tra cho th\u1ea5y, \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam, nh\u00f3m c\u00e2y ch\u1ecbu m\u1eb7n y\u1ebfu (t\u1eeb 1,4 – 2\u2030) nh\u01b0: Ca cao, l\u00faa, b\u1eafp, \u0111\u1eadu, c\u00e0 chua, \u1edbt, b\u1ea7u, b\u00ed; Nh\u00f3m c\u00e2y ch\u1ecbu m\u1eb7n trung b\u00ecnh (t\u1eeb 2 – 3\u2030) nh\u01b0: Cam, qu\u00fdt, b\u01b0\u1edfi, chanh, chu\u1ed1i, m\u00eda; Nh\u00f3m c\u00e2y ch\u1ed1ng ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eb7n kh\u00e1 (t\u1eeb 3 – 4\u2030): Xo\u00e0i, sap\u00f4, d\u1eeba\u2026 (<\/p>\n

Hi\u1ec7n nay, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111ang t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e2y ch\u1ecbu m\u1eb7n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n gen \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n di truy\u1ec1n v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh ch\u1ed1ng ch\u1ecbu stress phi sinh h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng nh\u01b0 ch\u1ecbu ng\u1eadp \u00fang, ch\u1ecbu h\u1ea1n, ch\u1ecbu m\u1eb7n, ch\u1ecbu s\u00e2u b\u1ec7nh (Rajalakshmi v\u00e0 Parida, 2007). T\u1ea1o cho c\u00e1c c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu m\u1eb7n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng ng\u1eadp m\u1eb7n, nhi\u1ec5m m\u1eb7n do \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu l\u00fac n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u1ea5p thi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

    \n
  1. C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea5t m\u1eb7n v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    B\u1ea3ng 1.<\/strong> C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea5t m\u1eb7n (ph\u00e2n theo n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9) v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    \n

    Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i<\/p>\n

    \u0111\u1ea5t m\u1eb7n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

    		\n

    \u0110\u1ed9 d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t (dS\/m)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

    		\n

    N\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 mu\u1ed1i h\u00f2a tan (\u2030)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

    		\n

    \u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

    Kh\u00f4ng m\u1eb7n<\/td>\n\n

    0 – 2<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

    		\n

    0 – 1,28<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

    		\u00a0M\u1eb7n \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    M\u1eb7n \u00edt<\/td>\n\n

    2 – 4<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

    		\n

    1,28 – 2,56<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

    		\u00a0N\u0103ng su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i c\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    M\u1eb7n trung b\u00ecnh<\/td>\n\n

    4 – 8<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

    		\n

    2,56 – 5,12<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

    		\u00a0N\u0103ng su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng b\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    M\u1eb7n<\/td>\n\n

    8 – 16<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

    		\n

    5,12 – 10,24<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

    		\u00a0Ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    R\u1ea5t m\u1eb7n<\/td>\n\n

    > 16<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

    		\n

    > 10,24<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

    		\u00a0Ch\u1ec9 r\u1ea5t \u00edt c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    (Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n \u0110\u1ee9c Ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0 V\u00f5 Nh\u1ea5t Sinh, 2016)<\/p>\n

    T\u00f9y t\u1eebng lo\u1ea1i c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng kh\u00e1c nhau m\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng ch\u1ecbu m\u1eb7n kh\u00e1c nhau, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n qua ch\u1ec9 ti\u00eau ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng ch\u1ecbu m\u1eb7n, l\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb m\u00e0 t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1ecb thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu m\u1eb7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i c\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n qua b\u1ea3ng sau:<\/p>\n

    B\u1ea3ng 2.<\/strong> Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu m\u1eb7n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    Stt<\/td>\n\u00a0C\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng<\/td>\n\n

    T\u00ean khoa h\u1ecdc<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

    		\n

    Ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng ch\u1ecbu m\u1eb7n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

    \n

    EC (dS\/m)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

    		\n

    N\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 mu\u1ed1i tan (\u2030)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

    \u00a01<\/td>\n\u00a0B\u1eafp<\/td>\n\u00a0Zea mays<\/em>\u00a0L.<\/td>\n\n

    1,7<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

    		\n

    1,09<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

    \u00a02<\/td>\n\u00a0\u0110\u1eadu ph\u1ed9ng<\/td>\n\u00a0Arachis hypogaea<\/em>\u00a0L.<\/td>\n\n

    3,2<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

    		\n

    2,05<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

    \u00a03<\/td>\n\u00a0L\u00faa<\/td>\n\u00a0Oryza sativa<\/em>\u00a0L.<\/td>\n\n

    3,0<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

    		\n

    1,92<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

    4<\/td>\n\u00a0\u0110\u1eadu n\u00e0nh<\/td>\n\u00a0Glycine max<\/em>\u00a0(L.)<\/td>\n\n

    5,0<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

    		\n

    3,20<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

    \u00a05<\/td>\n\u00a0C\u1ee7 c\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/td>\n\u00a0Vulgaris Beta<\/em>\u00a0L.<\/td>\n\n

    7,0<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

    		\n

    4,48<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

    \u00a06<\/td>\n\u00a0M\u00eda<\/td>\n\u00a0Saccharum officinarum<\/em>\u00a0L.<\/td>\n\n

    1,7<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

    		\n

    1,09<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

    \u00a07<\/td>\n\u00a0C\u1ea3i b\u1eafp<\/td>\n\u00a0B. oleracea<\/em>\u00a0L.<\/td>\n\n

    1,8<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

    		\n

    1,15<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

    \u00a08<\/td>\n\u00a0C\u00e0 r\u1ed1t<\/td>\n\u00a0Daucus carota<\/em>\u00a0L.<\/td>\n\n

    1,0<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

    		\n

    0,64<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

    \u00a09<\/td>\n\u00a0\u0110\u1eadu \u0111\u0169a<\/td>\n\u00a0Vigna unguiculata<\/em>\u00a0L.<\/td>\n\n

    4,9<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

    		\n

    3,14<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

    \u00a010<\/td>\n\u00a0D\u01b0a leo<\/td>\n\u00a0Cucumis sativus<\/em>\u00a0L.<\/td>\n\n

    2,5<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

    		\n

    1,60<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

    \u00a011<\/td>\n\u00a0C\u00e0 t\u00edm<\/td>\n\u00a0Solanum melongena<\/em>\u00a0L.<\/td>\n\n

    1,1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

    		\n

    0,70<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

    \u00a012<\/td>\n\u00a0T\u1ecfi<\/td>\n\u00a0Allium sativum<\/em>\u00a0L.<\/td>\n\n

    3,9<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

    		\n

    2,50<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

    \u00a013<\/td>\n\u00a0B\u00ed xanh<\/td>\n\u00a0C. pepo<\/em>\u00a0L.<\/td>\n\n

    4,9<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

    		\n

    3,14<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

    \u00a014<\/td>\n\u00a0Khoai lang<\/td>\n\u00a0Ipomoea batatas<\/em>\u00a0(L.) Lam.<\/td>\n\n

    1,5<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

    		\n

    0,96<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

    \u00a015<\/td>\n\u00a0C\u00e0 chua<\/td>\n\u00a0Lycopersicum Lycopersicon <\/em>(L.) Karst.\u00a0ex Farw.\u00a0[syn.Lycopersicon esculentum <\/em>Mill.]<\/td>\n\n

    2,5<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

    		\n

    1,60<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

    \u00a016<\/td>\n\u00a0Nho<\/td>\n\u00a0Vitis Vinifera<\/em>\u00a0L.<\/td>\n\n

    1,5<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

    		\n

    0,96<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

    \u00a017<\/td>\n\u00a0B\u01b0\u1edfi<\/td>\n\u00a0Citrus<\/em>\u00a0x\u00a0paradisi<\/em>\u00a0Macfady.<\/td>\n\n

    1,2<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

    		\n

    0,79<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

    \u00a018<\/td>\n\u00a0\u1ed4i<\/td>\n\u00a0Psidium guajava <\/em>L.<\/td>\n\n

    4,7<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

    		\n

    3,01<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

    \u00a019<\/td>\n\u00a0Cam<\/td>\n\u00a0Citrus sinensis<\/em>\u00a0(L.) Osbeck<\/td>\n\n

    1,3<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

    		\n

    0,83<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    <\/div>\n

    (Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n \u0110\u1ee9c Ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0 V\u00f5 Nh\u1ea5t Sinh, 2016)<\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

    T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o:<\/em><\/p>\n[1] Anderson, M., 2014, We are running out of land for traditional agriculture. Time to figure out what saltwaterplants can do for us.<\/em><\/p>\n[2] Nguy\u1ec5n D\u01b0\u01a1ng Tu\u1ec7, 2016, Gen ch\u1ecbu m\u1eb7n v\u00e0 n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p n\u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1i<\/em>, T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 Ngh\u1ec7 An, S\u1ed1 1.<\/p>\n[3] Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n \u0110\u1ee9c Ti\u1ebfn & V\u00f5 Nh\u1ea5t Sinh, 2016, \u0110\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec5m m\u1eb7n v\u00e0 Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/em>, S\u1edf N\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh.<\/p>\n[4] Rajalakshmi, S. and Parida, A., 2007, Halophytes as a source abiotic stress resistance genes.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Theo \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng thi\u1ebfu n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt v\u00e0 x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp m\u1eb7n ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p do t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn \u201cn\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p n\u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1i\u201d – tr\u1ed3ng lo\u1ea1i c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu m\u1eb7n, v\u00e0 ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong […]\n","protected":false},"author":49,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[295],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ahrd.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3131"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ahrd.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ahrd.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ahrd.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/49"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ahrd.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3131"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/ahrd.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3131\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3209,"href":"https:\/\/ahrd.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3131\/revisions\/3209"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ahrd.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3131"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ahrd.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3131"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ahrd.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3131"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}