{"id":3106,"date":"2019-11-12T11:06:55","date_gmt":"2019-11-12T04:06:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ahrd.com.vn\/?p=3106"},"modified":"2022-03-17T19:34:20","modified_gmt":"2022-03-17T12:34:20","slug":"3106-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ahrd.vn\/?p=3106","title":{"rendered":"Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 s\u1ea5y th\u0103ng hoa v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong n\u00f4ng s\u1ea3n"},"content":{"rendered":"

S\u1ea5y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng kh\u00e2u quan tr\u1ecdng trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 sau thu ho\u1ea1ch, ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n n\u00f4ng s\u1ea3n. S\u1ea5y c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c nhau, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 rau c\u1ee7 qu\u1ea3 th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o c\u0169ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t. L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p s\u1ea5y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m sau s\u1ea5y. N\u1ebfu s\u1ea5y theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p s\u1ea5y th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ebd l\u00e0m nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u sau s\u1ea5y b\u1ecb bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ecb th\u1ea5t tho\u00e1t nhi\u1ec1u (Krokida v\u00e0 ctv, 1997; Que v\u00e0 ctv, 2008).<\/p>\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p s\u1ea5y th\u0103ng hoa hay s\u1ea5y l\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f4ng do k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 G.I.Lappa Stajanhexki ph\u00e1t minh n\u0103m 1921. S\u1ea5y th\u0103ng hoa l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u00e1ch n\u01b0\u1edbc ra kh\u1ecfi s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m t\u1eeb th\u1ec3 r\u1eafn (l\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f4ng) sang th\u1ec3 h\u01a1i trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec3m k\u1ebft kinh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m trong s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m (Tkt\u00a0 <\/sub>< 0 o<\/sup>C) v\u00e0 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t d\u01b0\u1edbi 4,58 mmHg, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4ng sao cho t\u00e2m v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u s\u1ea5y c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 < 00<\/sup>C \u0111\u1ec3 n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00ean trong v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u s\u1ea5y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i r\u1eafn (n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e1), khi c\u1ea5p nhi\u1ec7t b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac hay b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 th\u00ec n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00ean trong v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u th\u0103ng hoa t\u1eeb tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i r\u1eafn sang tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i h\u01a1i \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi tr\u00ean to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 th\u1ec3 t\u00edch v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u s\u1ea5y (Ratti, 2001).<\/p>\n

S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m sau s\u1ea5y th\u0103ng hoa gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ea3m quan, ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n d\u00e0i khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao g\u00f3i \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch. C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 bay h\u01a1i kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb cu\u1ed1n v\u00e0o h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc sinh ra trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u0103ng hoa n\u00ean m\u00f9i c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i kho\u1ea3ng 80 \u2013 90%. S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u00edt b\u1ecb co r\u00fat, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb c\u1ee9ng, c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac x\u1ed1p, n\u00ean s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m sau s\u1ea5y th\u0103ng hoa d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb v\u1ee1 v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 tr\u00e1nh c\u00e1c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc. S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m b\u1ecb hao h\u1ee5t kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng protein, tinh b\u1ed9t, c\u00e1c hydrocacbon kh\u00e1c, thiamin v\u00e0 vitamin C. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea5y th\u0103ng hoa, nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 do qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f4ng: Khi l\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f4ng n\u01b0\u1edbc trong d\u1ecbch b\u00e0o c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng l\u00e0m bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh protide, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng enzyme gi\u1ea3m nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u0111\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9 (Krokida v\u00e0 ctv, 2000; Khalloufi v\u00e0 Ratti, 2003). Nh\u1edd v\u1eady, s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m sau khi s\u1ea5y c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac x\u1ed1p nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u ban \u0111\u1ea7u, protein v\u00e0 gluxit kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh v\u00e0 th\u1ee7y ph\u00e2n, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb h\u1ed3 h\u00f3a, lipid kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb oxy h\u00f3a, vitamin v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t ch\u1ea5t sinh h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y, m\u00e0u s\u1eafc v\u00e0 m\u00f9i v\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i, c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t x\u01a1 v\u00e0 kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o to\u00e0n. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, khi ng\u00e2m v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc, s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ho\u00e0n nguy\u00ean tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t m\u00e0 h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p s\u1ea5y n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c (Oetjen and Haseley, 2004). C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 s\u1ea5y th\u0103ng hoa r\u1ea5t ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea5y c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m cao c\u1ea5p nh\u01b0: s\u1eefa ong ch\u00faa, n\u1ea5m \u0111\u00f4ng tr\u00f9ng h\u1ea1 th\u1ea3o, n\u1ea5m linh chi, c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m, c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i n\u00f4ng s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 th\u1ee7y h\u1ea3i s\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

H\u00ecnh.<\/strong> H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ea5y th\u0103ng hoa t\u1ea1i TTNC v\u00e0 PTNN CNC<\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

H\u00ecnh<\/strong>. Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ea5y th\u0103ng hoa<\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"\"<\/em><\/p>\n

H\u00ecnh.<\/strong> S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m n\u00f4ng s\u1ea3n s\u1ea5y th\u0103ng hoa<\/em><\/p>\n

T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Khalloufi, C. Ratti, 2003, Quality deterioration of freeze-dried foods as explained by their glass transition temperature and internal structure, J. Food Sci<\/em>. 68 (3), 892 \u2013 903.<\/li>\n
  2. Krokida, M. K. & Maroulis, Z. B., l997, Effect of drying method on shrinkage and porosity. DqGlg Technol<\/em>.15( lo), 2441-2458.<\/li>\n
  3. Krokida, Maroulis, 2000, Quality changes during of food materials, in: A.S. Mujumdar (Ed.), Drying Technology in Agriculture and Food Sciences, Science Publishers<\/em>, Inc., En\ufb01eld, NH, USA, 61\u2013106.<\/li>\n
  4. Oetjen, G.-W., and P. Haseley, 2004, Freeze-drying, pp. 1-164, 2nd Edition ed. Strauss Offsetdruck GmbH, Morlenbach, Germany.<\/li>\n
  5. Que, F., L. Mao, X. Fang, and T. Wu, 2008, Comparison of hot air-drying and freeze-drying on the physicochemical properties and antioxidant activities of pumpkin (Cucurbita<\/em> moschata <\/em>Duch.) flours. International Journal of Food Science and Technology<\/em> 43: 1195-1201.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Ratti, C., 2001. Hot air and freeze-drying of high-value foods: a review. Journal of Food Engineering <\/em>49: 311-319.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    S\u1ea5y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng kh\u00e2u quan tr\u1ecdng trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 sau thu ho\u1ea1ch, ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n n\u00f4ng s\u1ea3n. S\u1ea5y c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c nhau, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 rau c\u1ee7 qu\u1ea3 th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o c\u0169ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t. L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn […]\n","protected":false},"author":49,"featured_media":3107,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[295],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ahrd.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3106"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ahrd.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ahrd.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ahrd.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/49"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ahrd.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3106"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/ahrd.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3106\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3206,"href":"https:\/\/ahrd.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3106\/revisions\/3206"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ahrd.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/3107"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ahrd.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3106"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ahrd.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3106"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ahrd.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3106"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}